Selasa, 08 Mei 2012

Jaguar XJ Series

Jaguar XJ is the designation that has been used for a series of luxury saloon carssold under the British Jaguar marque. The first XJ was launched in 1968 and the designation has been used for successive Jaguar flagship models since then. The original model was the last Jaguar saloon to have had the input of Sir William Lyons, the company's founder. The current Jaguar XJ was launched in 2009.

Jaguar XJ X351.jpg
X351
ManufacturerJaguar Cars
Production1968–present
ClassFull-size luxury car
LayoutFR layout



Series 1, 2 and 3 (1968–1992)

[edit]Series 1 (1968–1973)

XJ Series I
Jaguar XJ Series I Jaguar badged
Also calledXJ6, XJ12
Daimler Sovereign
Daimler Double-Six
Production1968–1973
82,126 produced
AssemblyCoventry, England
Cape Town, South Africa
Nelson, New Zealand
PredecessorJaguar 240, Jaguar 340 & Daimler 250
Jaguar S-Type
Jaguar 420 and Daimler Sovereign
Jaguar 420G
Body style4-door saloon
Engine2.8 L XK I6
4.2 L XK I6
5.3 L Jaguar V12 (from 1972)
Wheelbase108.75 in (2,762 mm)
Length189.5 in (4,813 mm)
Width69.75 in (1,772 mm)
Height52.75 in (1,340 mm)
The XJ6, using 2.8 litre (2,790 cc/170 cu in) and 4.2 litre (4,235 cc/258.4 cu in)straight-six cylinder versions of Jaguar's renowned XK engine, replaced most of Jaguar's saloons – which, in the 1960s, had expanded to four separate ranges. Apart from the engines, the other main component carried over from previous models was the widest version of Jaguar's IRS unit from the Mark X.
An upmarket version was marketed under the Daimler brand and called the Daimler Sovereign, continuing the name from the Daimler version of the Jaguar 420.
The car was introduced in September 1968. Power-assisted steering and leather upholstery were standard on the 2.8 L De Luxe and 4.2 L models and air conditioning was offered as an optional extra on the 4.2 L. Daimler versions were launched in October 1969, in a series of television advertisements featuring Sir William. In these spots, he referred to the car as "the finest Jaguar ever". An unusual feature, inherited from the Jaguar Mark X, was the provision of twin fuel tanks, positioned on each side of the boot / trunk, and filled using two separately lockable filler caps: one on the top of each wing above the rear wheel arches.[1]
In March 1970 it was announced that the Borg-Warner Model 8 automatic transmission, which the XJ6 had featured since 1968, would be replaced on the 4.2 litre-engined XJ6 with a Borg-Warner Model 12 unit.[2] The new transmission now had three different forward positions accessed via the selector lever, which effectively enabled performance oriented drivers to hold lower ratios at higher revs in order to achieve better acceleration.[2] "Greatly improved shift quality" was also claimed for the new system.[2]
In 1972 the option of a long-wheelbase version, providing a modest increase in leg room for passengers in the back, became available.
The XJ12 version was announced in July 1972, featuring simplified grille treatment, and powered by a 5.3 L V12 engine (coupled to a Borg Warner Model 12), :[3] The car as presented at that time was the world's only mass-produced 12-cylinder four-door car, and, with a top speed "around 140 mph" (225 km/h) as the "fastest full four-seater available in the world today". Although it had, from the car's launch, been the manufacturer's intention that the XJ would take the twelve-cylinder engine, its installation was nonetheless a tight fit, and providing adequate cooling had evidently been a challenge for the engineers designing the installation.[4] Bonnet/hood louvres such as those fitted on the recently introduced twelve-cylinder E Type were rejected, but the XJ12 featured a complex "cross-flow" radiator divided into two separated horizontal sections and supported with coolant feeder tanks at each end: the engine fan was geared to rotate at 1¼ times the speed of the engine rpm, subject to a limiter which cut in at a (fan) speed of 1,700 rpm.[4] The fuel system incorporated a relief valve that returned fuel to the tank when pressure in the leads to the carburetters exceeded 1.5 psi in order to reduce the risk of vapour locks occurring at the engine's high operating temperature, while the car's battery, unusually, benefited from its own thermostatically controlled cooling fan.[4]

The Jaguar XJ12, launched during the summer of 1972, featured a simplified grille.
3,235 of these first generation XJ12s were built. As with the six-cylinder cars, an upmarket version, this time called the Daimler Double-Six, became available later, reviving the Daimlermodel name of 1926–1938.
Total production figures for the Series 1
ModelProduction
Jaguar XJ6 2.8 swb19,322
Jaguar XJ6 4.2 swb59,077
Jaguar XJ6 4.2 lwb574
Jaguar XJ12 swb2,474
Jaguar XJ12 lwb754
Daimler Sovereign 2.83,233
Daimler Sovereign 4.2 swb11,522
Daimler Sovereign 4.2 lwb386
Daimler Double Six swb534
Daimler Double Six Vanden Plas351
Total Production for Series 198,527

[edit]MWK 28G - The Oldest Surviving Jaguar XJ


MWK 28G - The oldest Jaguar XJ in existence
20 pre-production Series 1 cars were manufactured for testing and development. Of these a number went on to be road-registered and sold to customers. MWK 28G was the nineteenth of this pre-production run and now, according to the records maintained at the Jaguar-Daimler Heritage Centre, is the oldest surviving example.[5] It was the first XJ to be road registered - on 1 August 1968 to Jaguar - and thereafter was used as one of the 'Press Cars' (Press Car One), vehicles used for demonstration purposes and road tests. The registration mark will have been used deliberately in reference to the engine size fitted. The car featured prominently in motoring magazines of the time but most notably in September 1968 in the Daily Telegraph Magazine as part of a fashion shoot with Veruschka, a well-known model of the era.[6] Photographs accompanying the article depicted MWK 28G being road-tested across France and Spain including the point at which the crude cardboard camouflage that had been added to the vehicle was removed.
In September 1969 the car passed from the Publicity Department to the Research and Development Department where, at 20,000 miles, a new engine had to be fitted - presumably after failure of the original unit at the MIRA test track. Incredibly, in the Spring of 1970 it passed into private ownership. MWK 28G became one of the most photographed Series 1 XJ's and more latterly has had a websitededicated to it. To this day the car remains in everyday usage.

[edit]Series 2 (1973–1979)

XJ Series II
Jaguar XJ6 Series II
Also calledXJ6, XJ12
Daimler Sovereign
Daimler Double-Six
Production1973–1979 (1981)
91,227 produced
AssemblyCoventry, England
Cape Town, South Africa
Nelson, New Zealand
Body style4-door saloon
Engine2.8 L XK I6
3.4 L XK I6
4.2 L XK I6
5.3 L Jaguar V12 engine
Wheelbase108.75 in (2,762 mm)
(swb: only sold until 1974)
112.75 in (2,864 mm)
(lwb until 1974: thereafter all sedans)
Length194.75 in (4,947 mm)
(lwb until 1974: thereafter all sedans)
Width69.75 in (1,772 mm)
Height54 in (1,372 mm)
Kerb weight3,841 lb (1,742 kg)
Commonly referred to as the "Series II", the XJ line was facelifted in Autumn 1973 for the 1974 model year. The 4.2 L I-6 XJ6 (most popular in the United Kingdom) and the 5.3 L V12 XJ12 were continued with an addition of a 3.4 L (3,442 cc/210.0 cu in) version of the XK engine available from 1975.
The Series II models were known for their poor build quality, which was attributed to Jaguar being part of the British Leyland group along with massive labour union relations problems that plagued most of industrial England in the same time period, and to problems inherent in the design of certain Lucas-sourced components.[citation needed]
Initially the Series II was offered with two wheelbases, but at the 1974 London Motor Show Jaguar announced the withdrawal of the 'standard wheelbase' version: subsequent saloons/sedans all featured the extra 4 inches (10 cm) of passenger cabin length hitherto featured only on the 'long-wheelbase' model.[7] By this time the first customer deliveries of the two-door coupe, which retained the shorter 'standard' wheelbase (and which had already been formally 'launched' more than a year earlier) were only months away.
Visually, Series II cars are differentiated from their predecessors by raised front bumpers to meet US crash safety regulations, which necessitated a smaller grille, complemented by a discrete additional inlet directly below the bumper. The interior received a substantial update, including simplified heating and a/c systems to address criticisms of the complex and not very effective Series I system.
In April 1975, the North American Series II got a slightly revised set of front bumpers which had rubber overriders covering the full length of the bumper with embedded turn signals at each end. In 1978 the North American cars also got the addition of electronic fuel injection in the place of Zenith-Stromberg carburettors.
In May 1977, it was announced that automatic transmission version of the twelve-cylinder cars would be fitted with a General Motors three-speed THM 400transmission in place of the British built Borg-Warner units used hitherto.[8]
The 1978 UK model range included the Jaguar XJ 3.4, XJ 4.2, XJ 5.3, Daimler Sovereign 4.2, Double-Six 5.3, Daimler Vanden Plas 4.2, Double-Six Vanden Plas 5.3.
In New Zealand, knock-down kits of the Series II were assembled locally by the New Zealand Motor Corporation (NZMC) at their Nelson plant. In the last year of production in New Zealand (1978), a special 'SuperJag' (XJ6-SLE) model was produced which featured half leather, half dralon wide pleat seats, vinyl roof, chrome steel wheels and air conditioning as standard. New Zealand produced models featured speedometers in km/h, and the black vinyl mats sewn onto the carpets in the front footwells featured the British Leyland 'L' logo.
Though worldwide production of the Series II ended in 1979, a number were produced in Cape Town, South Africa until 1981.
A total of 91,227 Series II models were produced, 14,226 of them with the V12 engine.
Engines [9]
YearsTypeCapacityHorsepower
1973–1975DOHC I-62,792 (171 cu. in.)140
1975–1979DOHC I-63,442 (210 cu. in.)161
1973–1979DOHC I-64,235 (258 cu. in.)245/162-186 See Note
1973–1979SOHC V125,343 (326 cu. in.)265/244 See Note
Note: HP varies depending on emission standards imposed on particular vehicles
Production count [9]
YearXJ6XJ12
19731488168
1974135264744
1975119902239
1976121573283
197790431913
1978121383284
19791099429
Total61,44116,060

[edit]XJ Coupé

XJ-Coupé
1977 Jaguar XJC S2 Pillarless Coupe
Also calledXJ-C, XJ6-C, XJ12-C,
Daimler Sovereign Coupé
Daimler Double-Six Coupé
Production1975–1978
10,487 produced
AssemblyCoventry, England
Body style2-door coupe[7]
Engine4.2 L XK I6
5.3 L Jaguar V12 engine
Wheelbase108.75 in (2,762 mm)
Length190.75 in (4,845 mm)
Width69.75 in (1,772 mm)
Height54.125 in (1,375 mm)
Kerb weight4,050 lb (1,837 kg)
A 9,378-car run of two-door XJ coupés with a pillarless hardtop body called the XJ-C was built between 1975 and 1978. The car was actually launched at the London Motor Show in October 1973,[10] but it subsequently became clear that it was not ready for production[citation needed], and the economic troubles unfolding in the western world at this time seem to have reduced further any sense of urgency about producing and selling the cars[citation needed]: it was reported[where?] that problems with window sealing delayed production. XJ coupés finally started to emerge from Jaguar show-rooms only some two years later[citation needed]. The coupé was based on the short-wheelbase version of the XJ. The coupé's elongated doors were made out of a lengthened standard XJ front door (the weld seams are clearly visible under the interior panels where two front door shells were grafted together with a single outer skin)[citation needed]. A few XJ-Cs were modified by Avon into convertibles with a retractable canvas top, but this was not a factory product. Both six and twelve-cylinder models were offered, 6,505 of the former and 1,873 of the latter. Even with the delay, these cars suffered from water leaks and wind noise[citation needed]. The delayed introduction, the labour-intensive work required by the modified saloon body, the higher price than the four-door car, and the early demise promulgated by the newXJ-S, all ensured a small production run[citation needed].
All coupes came with a vinyl roof as standard. Since the coupe lacked B-pillars, the roof flexed enough that the paint used by Jaguar at the time would develop cracks[citation needed]. More modern paints do not suffer such problems, so whenever a coupe is repainted it is viable to remove the vinyl[citation needed]. Today many XJ-Cs no longer have their vinyl roof, also removing the threat of roof rust. Some owners also modified their XJ-C by changing to Series III bumpers.[11] This lifted the front indicators from under the bumper and provided built in rear fog lights.
A small number of Daimler versions of the XJ-C were made. One prototype Daimler Vanden Plas version XJ-C was also made, however this version never went into production[citation needed].
Production Count [12]
Model \ Year197319741975197619771978
4.2l Coupe2129251746177637
5.3l Coupe-1182166332931
Daimler Sovereign Coupe--4715876136
Daimler Double Six Coupe-17614915922
Total21342933145287796
Grand total = 10,426

[edit]Series 3 (1979–1992)

XJ Series III
Jaguar XJ6 (US)
Also calledXJ6, XJ12
Daimler Sovereign
Daimler Vanden Plas
Daimler Double-Six
Double-Six Vanden Plas
Jaguar Sovereign (from 1983)
Jaguar Vanden Plas [13]
Production1979–1992
132,952 produced
AssemblyCoventry, England
Body style4-door saloon
Engine3.4 L XK I6
4.2 L XK I6
5.3 L Jaguar V12 engine

In late 1979, the XJ was facelifted again, and was known as the "Series III."
Using the long-wheelbase version of the car, the XJ6 incorporated a subtle redesign by Pininfarina.

A Jaguar XJ6 alongside Eram Garden inShiraz, Iran.
Externally, the most obvious changes over the SII were the thicker and more incorporated rubber bumpers with decorative chrome only on the top edge, flush door handles for increased safety, a one-piece front door glass without a separate 1/4 light, a grille with only vertical vanes, reverse lights moved from the boot plinth to the larger rear light clusters and a revised roofline with narrower door frames and increased glass area.
There were three engine variants, including the 5.3 L V12, the 4.2 L straight-six and 3.4 L straight-six. The larger six-cylinder, and V12 models incorporated Bosch fuel injection (made under license by Lucas) while the smaller six-cylinder was carbureted. The smaller 3.4 L six-cylinder engine was not offered in the U.S.

1983–1986 Jaguar Sovereign 4.2 sedan (Australia)
The short-wheelbase saloon and coupé had been dropped during the final years of the Series II XJ. The introduction of the Series III model also saw the option of a sunroof and cruise control for the first time on an XJ model.
The 1979 UK model range included the Jaguar XJ6 3.4 & 4.2, XJ12 5.3, Daimler Sovereign 4.2 & Double-Six 5.3 and Daimler Vanden Plas 4.2 & Double-Six Vanden Plas 5.3.
In 1981 the 5.3 V12 models received the new Michael May designed 'fireball' high compression cylinder head engines and were badged from this time onwards to 1985 as "HE" (High Efficiency) models.
In late 1981 Daimler Sovereign and Double Six models received a minor interior upgrade for the 1982 model year with features similar to Vanden Plas models. Also for the 1982 model year, a top spec "Jaguar" Vanden Plas model was introduced for the US market - a model designation still used today.
In late 1982 the interior of all Series III models underwent a minor update for the 1983 model year. A trip computer appeared for the first time and was fitted as standard on V12 models. A new and much sought-after alloy wheel featuring numerous distinctive circular holes was also introduced, commonly known as the "pepperpot" wheel.
In late 1983 revision and changes were made across the Series III model range for the 1984 model year, with the Sovereign name being transferred from Daimler to a new top spec Jaguar model, the "Jaguar Sovereign". A base spec Jaguar XJ12 was no longer available, with the V12 engine only being offered as a Jaguar Sovereign HE or Daimler Double Six. The Vanden Plas name was also dropped at this time in the UK market, due to Jaguar being sold by BL and the designation being used on top-of-the-range Rover-branded cars in the home UK market. Daimler models became the Daimler 4.2 and Double Six and were the most luxurious XJ Series III models, being fully optioned with Vanden Plas spec interiors.
The 1984 UK model range included the Jaguar XJ6 3.4 & 4.2, Sovereign 4.2 & 5.3, Daimler 4.2 & Double Six 5.3.
Production of the Series III XJ continued until 1992 with the V12 engine. In 1992, the last 100 cars built were numbered and sold as part of a special series commemorating the end of production for Canada. These 100 cars featured the option of having a brass plaque located in the cabin. It was the original purchaser's option to have this plaque, which also gave a number to the car (such as No. 5 of 100, etc.), fitted to the glove box, to the console woodwork or not fitted at all. This brass plaque initiative did not come from Jaguar in Coventry. It was a local effort, by Jaguar Canada staff and the brass plaques were engraved locally.
132,952 Series III cars were built, 10,500 with the V12 engine. In total between 1968 and 1992 there were around 318,000 XJ6 and XJ12 Jaguars produced.

[edit]XJ40, X300, and X308 (1986-2002)

[edit]XJ40 (1986-1994)


US-market XJ6 (XJ40)
The intended replacement for the Series XJ was code-named "XJ40", and development on the all-new car began in the early 1970s (with small scale models being built as early as 1972.) The project suffered a number of delays due to problems at parent company British Leyland and events such as the 1973 oil crisis. The XJ40 was finally introduced in 1986 at the British International Motor Show.
With the XJ40, Jaguar began to place more emphasis on build quality as well as simplification of the XJ's build process. With 25% fewer body panel pressings required versus the Series XJ, the new process also saved weight, increased the stiffness of the chassis, and reduced cabin noise.[citation needed]
The new platform came with significantly different styling, which was more squared-off and angular than the outgoing Series III. Individual round headlamps were replaced with rectangular units on the higher-specification cars. The interior received several modernizations such as the switch to a digital instrument cluster (although this was eventually discontinued in favor of analog instruments.)
The six-cylinder XJ40s are powered by the AJ6 inline-six engine, which replaced the XK6 unit used in earlier XJs. The new unit featured a four-valve, twin overhead cam design. In 1993, one year before XJ40 production ended, the V12-powered XJ12 and Daimler Double Six models were reintroduced.

[edit]X300 (1994-1997)


Jaguar XJ6 (X300)
The X300, introduced in 1994, was stylistically intended to evoke the image of the more curvaceous Series XJ. The front of the car was redesigned significantly to return to four individual round headlamps that provided definition to the sculptured hood. Mechanically, it was similar to the XJ40 that it replaced.
Six-cylinder X300s are powered by the AJ16 inline-six engine, which is a further enhancement of the AJ6 engine that uses an electronic distributorless ignition system. The V12 remained available until the end of the X300 production in 1997 (although it ended one year earlier in the United States market due to problems meeting OBD-II-related emissions requirements.)
It was in X300 production that Jaguar introduced the supercharged XJR, which was the first supercharged road car manufactured by the company.

[edit]X308 (1998-2002)


Daimler Super V8 (X308)
With the introduction of the X308 generation in 1997 came a switch from the "XJ6" and "XJ12" nomenclature to "XJ8", reflecting the fact that the X308 cars were powered by a new V8 engine.
The exterior styling of the X308 was similar to the X300 with minor refinements such as a change to oval indicator lenses and round fog lights. The interior was also updated to eliminate the instrument binnacle used on the X300, instead three large gauges were set into recesses in the walnut-faced dashboard in front of the driver.
The major mechanical change was the replacement of both the inline-six and V12 engines with new eight-cylinder AJ-V8 in either 3.2L or 4.0L versions with 4.0L also available in supercharged form. Manual transmission was discontinued and all X308 models were supplied with five-speed automatic gearboxes.

[edit]X350 and X358 (2003-2009)

[edit]X350 (2003-2007)

X350
2004-05 Jaguar XJ X350 Vanden Plas (US)
Also calledXJ6, XJ8, Vanden Plas, XJR, Super V8, Daimler Super Eight
Production2003-2007
AssemblyCastle Bromwich, Birmingham, England
Body style4-door saloon
Engine3.0 L V6
3.5 L AJ-V8 V8
4.2 L AJ-V8 V8
4.2 L supercharged AJ-V8 V8
2.7 L V6 Diesel
Transmission6-speed automatic
WheelbaseSWB: 119.4 in (3,033 mm)
LWB: 124.4 in (3,160 mm)
LengthSWB: 200.4 in (5,090 mm)
LWB: 205.3 in (5,215 mm)
Width2004-05: 73.2 in (1,859 mm)
2006-07: 83.0 in (2,108 mm)
2008-present: 76.5 in (1,943 mm)
HeightSWB: 57 in (1,448 mm)
LWB: 57.3 in (1,455 mm)
Kerb weight3,946 lb (1,790 kg)
Although major revisions (through the X300 and, particularly, the X308 updates) kept the Mark 2 competitive in some areas against its rivals, the basic design dated back to 1986 which meant the car was being outclassed and losing ground to its rivals, many of which were now two generations advanced from the original competitors of the Mark 2 XJ[citation needed]. For example, since the model had been unveiled in 1986 (at the same time as the BMW 7 Series E32), BMW had launched Mark 3 (E38) and Mark 4 (E65) versions of its 7 Series in 1994 and 2001 respectively – all while Jaguar was still producing the Mk 2 XJ.
In early 2003, the all-new third generation XJ (known as X350) arrived in showrooms. While the car's exterior and interior styling were traditional in appearance, the car was completely re-engineered. The new car also saw the return of the XJ6 badge, and with it six-cylinder power, albeit in a V-configuration. Although traditional in appearance, the car was actually highly technologically advanced: for example, it had an all-aluminium body that made the car very light compared to rivals, bringing improvements in performance, agility and economy.
Larger all round and higher, the new car offered much improved interior and luggage space.
The V8 engine was offered in larger 3.5 and 4.2 litre sizes as well as a supercharged 4.2 Litre. The car's lighter weight meant the 3.0 Litre V6 was also offered although with the later introduction of the 2.7 litre V6 diesel the V6 petrol version was discontinued (neither V6 petrol nor diesel were available in US markets). A new six-speed automatic gearbox was fitted which was lighter and offered better economy with lock up on all gears and a larger spread of ratios.
Air suspension was fitted all round which provided adaptive damping as well as rear self levelling. Unlike other manufacturers Jaguar did not provide any driver control of ride height or suspension mode which was fully computer controlled. Dynamic stability control as well as traction control were standard.
Two zone climate control was also standard with four zone available on long-wheelbase models. An optional touch screen interface controlled default settings, satellite navigation, the Alpine audio system, and blue tooth telephone. "Jaguar Voice" offered voice control of many functions.

[edit]X358 (2007–2009)

X358
Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas (US)
Also calledXJ8, Vanden Plas, XJR, Super V8
Production2007–2009
Kerb weightVJ8: 3,770 lb (1,710 kg)
VDP: 3,871 lb (1,756 kg)
XJR: 3,946 lb (1,790 kg)
Super V8 4,006 lb (1,817 kg)
A face-lifted version of the X350 unveiled at the end of February 2006. Aesthetically, the main changes were a new lower grille system, with a deeper, more aggressive gape, and side air vents similar to those introduced on Ian Callum's 2005 XK.

[edit]X351 (2009-)

XJ X351
2011 Jaguar XJ-L -- 05-05-2010.jpg
2011 Jaguar XJ-L (US)
ManufacturerJaguar Land Rover
Production2009-
AssemblyCastle Bromwich Assembly,Birmingham, England
PredecessorXJ X358
Body style4-door saloon
Engine
5.0 L 385 PS (283 kW) AJ Gen III V8
5.0 L 510 PS (375 kW) superchargedAJ Gen III V8
3.0 L 275 PS (202 kW) V6 Diesel
WheelbaseSWB: 119.4 in (3,033 mm)
LWB: 124.3 in (3,157 mm)
LengthSWB: 201.7 in (5,123 mm)
LWB: 206.6 in (5,248 mm)
Width83.1 in (2,111 mm)
Height57 in (1,448 mm)
Kerb weight
(SWB)
Diesel : 1,796 kg (3,960 lb)
Petrol : 1,755 kg (3,870 lb)
Supercharged: 1,892 kg (4,170 lb)
Add 23 kg (51 lb)) for LWB
DesignerIan Callum
In July 2009, the newly styled XJ was unveiled at the Saatchi Gallery in London, withJay Leno and Elle Macpherson unveiling the new car.[14] The unveiling was broadcast live on the Jaguar website.
In keeping with Ian Callum's new design direction for Jaguar, it is an all-new exterior design and a break from the XJ series mould carried over on all previous generations. It is a longer, wider car that looks much bigger than its predecessor.The front has clear links with the executive car XF, although with slimmer, sleeker lights and a larger, squarer grille and more aggressive appearance. The rear is the contentious part, like nothing Jaguar has shown before. The upright, swooping taillights, nicknamed 'cat's claws', and black roof panels each side of the rear screen, which aim to hide the XJ's width, are the most striking aspects. There is also a standard full-length sunroof, that extends all the way back with just a single body-coloured roof panel that the designer likens to bridges on yachts.
The new XJ features an innovative, all-LCD dashboard and console displays. The dashboard can be configured to display various virtual dials in addition to the obligatory speedometer. The console display presents different views to the driver and passenger, including control of a sophisticated video and audio system.
Mike Cross, one of the company's chief engineers, spoke more about the "new Jaguar XJ dynamics" in an interview with Autocar.[15]
Like several of its predecessors, the X351 is available with both standard and long wheelbase as well as many special editions. Engines are modern units, already seen in other JLR products: the 5-litre petrol V8 either normally aspirated or supercharged, or a twin-turbo 3-litre diesel that is predicted to account for most of the sales.[16]

Nissan 350z


Ten Point Test

Auto Trader Ten Point Test rating: 82%
The Nissan 350Z is the latest in a line of Z-badged Nissan coupes which began in the late 1960s. All front engined, rear wheel drive cars, the Z badged coupes became one of Nissan’s most iconic brands.
But after the 300ZX ended production in 1999, the Japanese car maker has lacked a world-beating GT. So when the 350Z entered production in 2003, there was a huge scramble for the car. Now the Zed has received a raft of upgrades making it more powerful than ever.
We drove one for a week to see if the 350Z lives up to its legendary status.

1. Looks 10/10

The Nissan 350Z looks every inch the hot-blooded sportscar. It has an intoxicating blend of curves and naked aggression from every angle. The car has massive presence, with its butch, pumped-up wheelarches and gaping front grille. The rear lights sweep up along the car’s flanks and emphasise its curved rump. There are plenty of neat touches, like the vertical door handles which although take a little getting used to, are unique. Our GT pack-equipped test car came with gorgeous 18-inch RAYS alloy wheels, but larger 19-inchers are also available.

2. Looks inside 9/10

There’s no mistaking you’re sitting in a Z car – the Z logo is liberally sprinkled on the steering wheel, floor mats, rear strut brace and door scuff guards. The dashboard is fitting for a sportscar, with a trio of gauges in front of the driver and another three in the middle of the dash, providing information on voltage and oil pressure. The third is a programmable display, which allows the driver to scroll through an air temperature, rev limiter settings, stopclock and speed – the latter of which is far clearer than the orange-highlighted analogue speedo. The centre console is dominated by a screen for the sat-nav and the stereo – 160-watt in the standard car, and a 240-watt BOSE system in our GT pack.
Although leather seats also come as standard, our test car was fitted with optional Alezan orange leather, covering the seats and gearknob. It was a controversial colour, especially as it costs an extra £400.

3. Practicality 6/10

It’s a big car, so you’d expect a decent level of space in the boot – and there would be if it wasn’t for the huge strut brace which cuts the storage space in half. It might help with the car’s rigidity, but it renders the boot useless for all but the smallest bits of cargo. A sticker on the underside of the tailgate shows how to insert two sets of golf clubs, but it looks awfully complicated. The boot space would be vastly improved if Nissan had replaced the full-size spare wheel with a space saver or a tyre inflation device with foam sealant. Or better still, fit run-flat tyres. The boot is open to the cabin too, which could leave luggage prone to fly into the front under braking. There’s nothing to stop booming from the rear wheels over bad road surfaces either, which caused ringing ears on longer runs, and could prove frustrating over time.
Its not all bad news – there’s a number of handy storage areas behind the seats; the passenger side tips forward to allow access. There’s also a useful box between the seats, and the ever useful recessed cupholders to store mobile phones and change.

4. Ride and Handling 10/10

Superb on both counts. The 350Z has gained a hard-earned reputation as a brilliant drivers’ car, but still remains comfortable on bumpy surfaces. The sports suspension is firm, but that means there’s virtually no bodyroll on bends, allowing the committed driver to turn hard. The steering is wonderfully responsive and quick to react to the tiniest of inputs. The engine is mounted towards the back of the engine bay, helping to delicately balance the chassis. There’s lots of grip, but with more than 300bhp pumping through the rear wheels, the back end is easy to lose. Thankfully standard fit stability control is included and we recommend it’s left active.

5. Performance 10/10

Blistering. The revisions made in 2007 have taken the 350Z from 276bhp to 309. That means the car is slightly faster, despatching the 0-62mph benchmark in 5.5 seconds, before hitting an electronically-limited 155mph. The 3.5-litre V6 powerplant is eager to rev round to its 7,500rpm redline (although the speedo-mounted shift light reminds you when to change) and sounds fantastic while doing it. It’s a strange blend of a rasp and a roar, but it as addictive as the car’s surge of acceleration from standstill. There’s only one gearbox on offer – a heavy six-speed manual. It requires manhandling, but is a joy to use and very satisfying. The clutch is springy, and it takes care to pull away smoothly without stalling.

6. Running Costs 6/10

At less than £30,000 for the standard car, the Nissan 350Z is a massive amount of performance car. More muscle than a BMW Z4, more exclusive than an Audi TT. But because of that, road tax, insurance and fuel bills are considerable. Its emissions of 280g/km place it in tax Band G, while insurance group 18 will hit the owner in the wallet almost regardless of age. Nissan say it’ll cover an average of 24.1 miles for every gallon of petrol, but that’s almost entirely determined if you drive it sensibly. And Nissan recommend it runs on expensive super unleaded too. And try to avoid the Temper Orange paintwork; it’s an acquired taste and used values are likely to suffer.

7. Reliability 9/10

Japanese sportscars are just about the most reliable you can buy. It might be a low-volume car by Nissan’s standards, but it’s built with the same solidity as the rest of its range. Used buyers should take particular care to look for crash damage.

8. Safety 7/10

The Nissan 350Z hasn’t been crash tested by EuroNCAP, but it is equipped with front and side airbags. Curtain ‘bags are fitted to the coupe, but not the convertible Roadster model. Traction and stability control, ABS, brakeforce distribution and brake assist all come as standard.

9. Equipment 7/10

There’s plenty of kit fitted as standard to the 350Z, including climate control, a gearshift light, programmable trip computer, electric windows, Bluetooth phone integration and a 160-watt stereo. The £2,500 GT Pack fitted to our test car adds leather seats and a 240-watt BOSE stereo. Our car was also fitted with Nissan’s excellent £1,200 Birdview satellite navigation system.

10. X-Factor 8/10

There are plenty of sub-£30,000 coupes on the market, but none that blends style with hairy-chested muscle car charm. And it’s a Nissan which makes it just about the most sensible crazy car on the road.

Key facts

Model tested: Nissan 350Z GT Pack
On the road price: £29,295
Price range: £26,795 – £29,295
Date tested: January 2011
Road tester: Muhammad Arif Ramadhan and Muhammad Irfan (Indonesian)

Ford Fiesta ST



Having elbowed our way through acrylic fibers and feathered hair, we've finally got a glimpse at the production-ready 136mph Ford FiestaST, which punches into UK showrooms early next year.

It's very pouty. It's only got three doors. And, like all good fast Fords, it's a bit indecent - despite being fitted with a smaller, turbocharged 1.6-litre EcoBoost engine (the last one had a 2.0-litre) the new ST's 20 per cent up on power.
Output's grown to 178bhp and 177 torques. This means it'll get from 0-62mph in less than seven seconds. Hawksbill turtle enthusiast? Don't panic - the new Fiesta ST also puts out 20 per cent less CO2 emissions compared with the previous model.

Ford also claims that it rides and handles a lot better than its older brother - the RS department's developed a specially tuned chassis that sits 15mm lower than the standard Fiesta. It's also nailed on Ford's Torque Vectoring Control system that increases stability through corners. James'll be cock-a-hoop to learn that said chassis (and the three electronic stability control modes that try and keep it the right way up) were developed over 5,000 kilometers at his favourite holiday destination - Germany's Nürburgring Nordschleife.

Inside, there's Ford's ‘MyKey' tech, which lets you limit the performance depending on who's behind the wheel, SYNC, Ford's voice-activated in-car connectivity system, and Recaro sports seats as standard. 

Senin, 07 Mei 2012

Ford Focus ST

“You see how you can play with the back end going on or off the throttle?” asks Jost Capito, who is clearly having fun. Inside Ford’s European proving ground near Lommel, Belgium, the director of Global Performance Vehicles is drifting through the corners of the handling track in his latest ­project, the Focus ST, adjusting the car’s angle of attack with the right pedal. We notice that when Capito gets back on the gas, the rear of the car comes back into line. In most front-wheel-drive cars, this move would provoke understeer. But the Focus ST is unlike most front-wheel-drive cars.
The Focus ST is also a work in progress. Ford invited us to Belgium to witness the late stages of the car’s development. What’s left to do at this point is the fine tuning, the detail work that separates a great car from one that’s merely good. Under the hood lies Ford’s direct-injected, 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder, bookended by redesigned intake and exhaust systems. U.S.-market output figures have not been announced—it doesn’t go on sale here until late 2012—but the engine makes 247 horsepower and 266 pound-feet of torque in Europe.
Rest assured, our figures will be close. According to Capito, every car in every region will be the same, with the same engine, the same suspension, same tires, same brakes. This is a departure from stand­ard Ford protocol, but Capito has a knack for navigating around the bureaucracies that are typical of large companies. If his name sounds familiar, it’s because this German has as much motorsports experience as a Schumacher: He ran Red Bull Sauber’s F1 campaign from 1998 to 2001. Before that, he headed Porsche’s racing efforts. And before that, he won the truck category in the 1985 Paris–Dakar rally. A story that speaks to his racer’s ingenuity: In the previous Focus ST (an offshoot of the not-for-the-U.S. second-generation Focus), he wanted higher-quality top-grain leather for the steering wheel, but internal regulations forbade this, even for a specialty car. Learning that perforated leather requires the use of the better cowhide, Capito made a new request for perforated leather that circuitously granted him his steering wheel.
2013 Ford Focus ST 5-door (test mule)
The new ST’s tiller will be very close to that of the old car’s, says Capito. “I like a simple steering wheel. It’s something I have to keep the designers away from.”  The wheel is connected to a variable-ratio rack that is slower in the middle and quicker on the ends. (Common to Porsches, this is the only such application in Ford’s current lineup.) In between is electric power assist, which is the heart of the car’s torque-steer-compensation system. When the system senses an imbalance of torque to the front wheels, it reduces the steering assist in the direction the steering wheel would normally be yanked. The result, we’re told, is similar to that of theRevo­Knuckle strut from the previous Focus RS (a 300-hp Focus also never seen stateside) but without the extra cost and weight of  the advanced strut design.
The Global Performance Vehicle division’s mission dictates that every vehicle, including the Focus ST, must be profitable. So changes from the regular Focus are applied economically. The 12.6-inch front brake rotors, 1.7 inches larger in diameter, are gripped by new calipers, but the front suspension is largely unchanged with the exception of spring and damper tuning. At the rear, the main revision is how the ends of the anti-roll bar attach to the suspension. Instead of the standard Focus’s connection to the lower suspension links inboard of the coil springs, the ST links the bar directly to redesigned knuckles. The outboard connections improve the anti-roll bar’s effectiveness because the outer ends of the bar move more in concert with wheel motion.
The only major interior change is the availability of Recaro seats, which offer excellent torso and shoulder support but are still easy to enter. The Focus ST comes with an Active Sound Symposer system under its hood to pipe engine noise into the cabin. The “active” part involves a butterfly valve to control the noise level so that the engine is barely audible in sixth-gear highway cruising, then becomes louder when you get on the gas.
2013 Ford Focus ST 5-door (test mule)
In the interest of economies of scale, the intercooler is from the Ford parts bin, as are the automatic grille shutters found on the fuel-sipping Focus SFE. In the ST, the shutters help turbo cooling at high speeds. The Focus ST uses the same brake-based electronic Torque Vectoring Control (eTVC) found on lesser Focuses. Purists will see this as an electronic Band-Aid, especially because the system is always active to support high-speed cornering, even with the stability control fully switched off. But as far as we can tell, the system works. It’s what allows ­Capito to bring the ST in and out of a drift through corners and lets Ford get away  with such a tail-happy chassis setup.
On the subject of persistent traction assistance and electromechanical antidotes to torque steer, Capito thinks these are fine on a daily driver like the ST. It wouldn’t be appropriate on a more extreme car like the old RS, which sacrifices comfort for perform­ance. He offers the comparison: “The ST is like a dolphin, and the RS is like a shark.”
So how does this dolphin swim? At this point in its development, quite well. For ­comparison, Ford has assembled the previous Focus RS, a Renault Mégane RS, and a Volks­wagen GTI. All are driven around the high-speed oval, on various re-creations of worldwide roads, and on the handling track. The ST’s true bogey is the 200-hp GTI, which is the bestselling hot hatch in numerous markets and an enthusiast icon.
Renault Mégane RS, VW GTI, 2013 Focus ST (test mules)
The more powerful ST should be quicker than the VW—we predict a 6.1-second 0-to-60 time—while returning similar fuel economy. The GTI’s brilliance transcends the numbers; from the passenger’s seat, though, it looks like the Focus ST trumps the VW in most categories. Directional changes feel sharper, and the front end tracks true even under power. Whereas the ST exhibits some playful back-end slip, the rear of the GTI stays planted, which is a less entertaining way to get around a corner. The Focus is comfortable and not just because of the better seats. It’s hushed at high speed and handles bumps with minimal suspension and tire noise; pockmarked road surfaces and high-frequency bumps are filtered out.
And yet Capito’s team isn’t finished. He admits that there’s room for more steering feedback.  And that the shifter isn’t quite right yet, as it doesn’t have the solid feel of the previous ST’s. The engine note sounds slightly artificial and lacks any  turbo clues. He agrees that the occasional sound of a blowoff-valve release would be appropriate and that he wants more low frequencies coming through the sound tube to give the tone more weight.
But as we said, these are the final touches. Even so, we’re left to guess at a lot, including the Focus ST’s price. Given the constant references to the GTI, we think Ford will try to stab VW in the heart and come in at $25,000—nearly identical to the price of the GTI five-door. If we’ve learned anything from the peek into Ford’s development process, it’s that Capito’s team is fiercely competitive and already on the right track. Until we get a proper drive, we’re left to speculate, but our hunch is that the Focus ST will be a force to be reckoned with

Ferrari F12 Berlinetta

 

Ferrari chairman Luca di Montezemolo likes to talk about different Ferraris for different sorts of Ferrari clients, but when it comes to the Prancing Horse's big front-engined V12 GT models, there's zero messing around. Meet the all-new F12 Berlinetta, and if the name lacks the flamboyance we've come to expect from Maranello, the rest of it will blow your mind. And possibly your ear-drums, too.
Like the 599 GTB Fiorano which it replaces, the F12's undoubted USP is that thumping great V12. A reworked version of the unit that first appeared in the FF, it shares the same 6262cc capacity and 65 degree configuration, but its power output is increased by approximately 80bhp to just over 730bhp (740CV), and it produces 509 torques. In other words, the F12 is the most powerful road-going Ferrari ever. Factor in a dry weight of 1525kg and you can imagine what sort of performance this thing delivers: 0-62mph in 3.1 seconds, 0-124mph in 8.5, and a top speed of 211mph. So, quite fast, then. Fast enough, in fact, to blitz Ferrari's Fiorano test track in 1min 23 seconds, a time that outpoints even the Enzo supercar to make this the quickest Ferrari road car to lap the famous circuit.

It's hugely sophisticated, too. There's an all-new aluminium spaceframe chassis, which mixes and matches 12 different kinds of alloys to reduce weight and improve structural rigidity by 20 per cent. And despite that front-mounted V12, the F12 has optimum weight distribution, 46/54 front to rear. The centre of gravity has been reduced, and the engine, interior and seats all sit 25mm lower in the chassis. A new rear suspension layout and redesigned rear transaxle also help reduce the F12's rear volume. It's a smaller, more muscular car than the 599, a car that could feel a little too big to be comfortably punted down a typical British back-road when you weren't swanning about in Monaco.
See more pics of the new Ferrari F12
Ferrari CEO Amedeo Felisa is adamant that Ferrari will be sticking to its V12 format, despite rising environmental pressure to switch to a smaller turbocharged configuration. It helps that while the F12 is more powerful than its predecessor, it's also much more efficient - it uses 30 per cent less fuel and CO2 emissions of 350g/km are very impressive for a 730bhp V12. More than anyone, Ferrari's F1-to-road technology transfer is key, and the new car has exceptional aerodynamics. There are two highlights: the first is something called an Aero Bridge, which sees the shape and form of the F12's bonnet funnel air away from the top part down towards the sides of the car to increase downforce. Then there's Active Brake Cooling, which opens vanes to the cooling ducts at high operating temperatures to reduce drag. There are five outlets underneath the car, and in effect these various innovations mean that the car's shape is unsullied by an out-sized rear spoiler.
Elsewhere, the new car features the latest evolution of Ferrari's ceramic brakes and magnetorheological dampers, and a fully integrated electronic chassis architecture that expertly manages the electronic differential, traction and stability control systems, and ABS.
Inside, the F12's cabin volume has been deliberately stream-lined, and the dash layout is far more modern. You can make up your own mind about the car's styling: it's a new Ferrari, it's the latest product of Ferrari's Centro Stile partnership with Pininfarina, and the internet debate will no doubt rage for weeks. But think of the F12 as a mix of 458 Italia and 599 GTO, mashed up with that classic Ferrari V12 GT playboy thing, and we're pretty sure you will not experience disappointment the first time one blasts past you.